The conflagration reduced the 12th-century Gothic landmark’s roof to ashes, while firefighters battled into the night to bring the blaze under control and rescue the priceless relics and artwork inside.
But as the clock ticked past midnight in Paris, French President Emmanuel Macron stood in front of the still-burning church and revealed that it would take “several days” to extinguish the flames entirely.
He lamented the “terrible tragedy” that had befallen the Roman Catholic cathedral and pledged to rebuild it, calling the house of worship “our history, our literature, our imagination.”
“I say this to you solemnly this evening: We will rebuild this cathedral. All together,” Macron said in a televised address.
“We will rebuild because it is what the French people expect, because it is what our history deserves. Because it is our profound destiny.”
The cause of the fire remained unknown Monday night, but the Paris prosecutors’ office ruled out arson and terrorism and said it was treating the blaze as an accident.
The blaze began in the cathedral’s attic just before 7 p.m., according to Le Monde newspaper, sending worshippers and visitors streaming out of the building as first responders rushed in.
Firefighters cleared the area around the cathedral, which sits on a small island, the Île de la Cité, in the Seine, but locals and tourists crowded along the banks of the river, watching in shock as the landmark burned less than a week before Easter.
Flames quickly engulfed the building’s 300-foot-high main spire, which collapsed around an hour later.
Onlookers let out gasps as the flaming steeple keeled over.
“People are just wandering around flabbergasted. There are thousands of people on the streets,” Emma O’Carroll, who works in a nearby fashion studio, told The Guardian.
“It is unbelievable. It’s just such a sad day.”
A 20-year-old student named Camille told the newspaper: “There’s a feeling of total sadness and also anger. It’s our heritage. People in the crowd have been singing hymns. Whether you’re Christian or not, part of our history is going up in smoke.”
The Paris Fire Brigade used water cannons to combat the blaze, and France’s emergency services agency tweeted that “all means” of firefighting were being used, except for “water-bombing aircrafts” because they could “lead to the collapse” of the structure.
First responders also rushed in to rescue the cathedral’s precious possessions and succeeded in saving some of the most valuable pieces.
Among the rescued relics were a crown of thorns — said to be the wreath placed on the head of Jesus before he was crucified — and a tunic worn by St. Louis, the French king, the rector of the cathedral told Le Monde.
Police and the municipal agents formed a human chain to get the items out, Paris Mayor Anne Hidalgo tweeted.
And Gen. Jean-Claude Gallet, the commander of the Paris Fire Brigade, told Le Parisien newspaper that “the most valuable works have been sheltered.”
But firefighters struggled to take down some of the cathedral’s large paintings in time, according to Notre Dame’s top administrative cleric, Monsignor Patrick Chauvet.
Once the fire was tamed, the central part of the cathedral seemed to be miraculously intact.